and terrorism in Iraq, with a particular focus on the post-Saddam Hussein era. Owing to its complex political history, prolonged instability, and deep socio-economic divisions, Iraq constitutes a critical case for analyzing how economic mismanagement, political fragmentation, and social inequalities contribute to the rise and persistence of terrorist activities. The primary aim of this research is to identify and analyze the key economic and political factors that have influenced terrorism in Iraq since the collapse of the Ba’ath regime in 2003. Using a qualitative methodology and a descriptive-analytical approach, the study seeks to address the following research question: How have economic and political developments in post-Saddam Iraq affected the escalation or decline of terrorist activities? The research is grounded in the hypothesis that deteriorating economic conditions are closely linked to the intensification of terrorism. In this context, the inefficiency and fragility of political and economic institutions have played a significant role in sustaining violence and enabling the spread of extremist ideologies. The findings of the qualitative analysis suggest that unfavorable economic conditions—particularly high unemployment rates, widespread poverty, and persistent political instability—act as enabling factors for the emergence and expansion of terrorist groups. These conditions foster feelings of marginalization, frustration, and hopelessness, especially among youth, thereby increasing their vulnerability to recruitment by extremist organizations. Ultimately, the study concludes that improving economic performance and strengthening governance structures can significantly reduce terrorist activities and contribute to long-term stability and security in Iraq.